Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are a type of software package that allows a wide variety of different data types that contain spatial information to be displayed, most usually as part of a map. Your experience of GIS packages is likely to focus on the production of presentation quality maps and plans that incorporate an underlying map layer (like Ordnance Survey map data) with archaeological data over the top (like a series of findspots or sites, represented by dots). GIS software allows you to combine these different types of data and produce maps with scales, north-points and descriptive legends/text.
GIS software is also capable of undertaking advanced statistical analysis of spatial data. For example, one could plot the locations of settlement sites and water courses, in order to analyse whether the proximity of water had any influence over site location.
(SOURCE = VITAL)
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